<div><h4>Description</h4><p>The proposed Enhancing Climate Resilience and Food Security Project will support Maldives' efforts to build climate resilience focusing on the interlinkages between human settlement and agri-food systems. It will enhance the country's adaptation capacity in line with Maldives Climate Change Policy Framework (MCCPF) and Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC).</p><h4>Impact</h4><p><p>Community's climate and disaster resilience against current and future vulnerability enhanced (Strategic Action Plan 2019-2023)</p></p></div>

Enhancing Climate Resilience and Food Security Project

Initial poverty and social analysis project number: 57002-001 may 2023 maldives : enhancing climate resilience andfood security project this document is being disclosed to the public in accordance with adb's access to information policy.currency equivalents as of 10 may 2023 currency unit - rufiyaa rfrf1.00 = 0.0649 1.00 = rf15.41 abbreviations adb - asian development bank cbo - community based organizations covid -19 - coronavirus disease cso - civil society organizations egm - effective gender mainstreaming gen - gender equity hdi - human development index lfpr - labor force participation rates nge - no gender elements sge - some gender elements ta - technical assistance note i in this report, refers to u nited states dollars. in preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the asian development bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or are a.initial poverty and social analysis country: maldives project title: enhancing climate resilience and food security project lendingfinancing modality: project grant departmentdivision south asia department urban development and water division i. poverty impact and social dimensionsa.links to the national poverty reduction strategy and country partnership strategyclimate change represents a major threat to ways of life on maldives' islands. recognizing the significant risk of climate changeon the country's sustainable development and its impact on the poorest, most marginalized, and most remote communities ,amaldives' nationally determined contri bution commits the country to enhanced adaptation efforts in the areas of: i agricultureand food; ii infrastructure resilience; public health; iv water security; v coastal protection; vi safeguarding coral reefbiodiversity; vi i tourism; v fisheries; ix early warning and systematic observation; and x disaster risk reduction andmanagement.b the country's fisheries and agricultural policy aims to achieve national food security and sustainable socio -economic development by strengthening the agriculture sector through the enhanced capacity of the farmers.c the proposedproject aligns with thes e strategic documents and the a sian development bank's water sector directional guide 2030d byenhancing weather observatory and early warning systems, protecting coastal zones, supporting drainage systems and climate -smart agriculture, and strengthening institutional capacity. the project fits in the framework set by the strategic action plan,which outlines long -term development objectives that include: i enhancing sustainable economic activities; ii progressing onhealth, education, and social protection; building resilience to climate change and natural hazards ; and iv ensuring goodgovernance ,e and climate change policy framework, which puts emphasis on climate change mainstreaming for the country'ssustainable development.f by supporting the country's effort in building resilience against climate change and enhancingreadiness aga inst disaster risks, the proposed project fits within the country partnership strategy's strategic objective ofimproving the quality of life of island communities while ensuring environmental sustainability.gb.poverty targeting :general intervention individual or household ti -h geographic ti -g non-income mdgs ti -m1, m2, etc. the detailed project designs will incorporate gender -responsive and socially inclusive features including targeted cap acity development to address the needs of the poor, women, and disadvantaged groups ,h particularly those disproportionately affected by climate change impacts. c.poverty and social analysis1.key issues and potential beneficiaries. maldives has made progress in reducing relative poverty to 8.2 in 2016 from21 in 2003 and 15 in 2010.i in 2021, maldives' human development index hdi was 0.747, an increase from 0.700 in2011, placing it in the high human development category and ranked 90 out of 191 countries and territories.j despite the goodprogress made in social inclusion, it is likely that more people would fall into poverty due to the coronavirus disease covid -19 pandemic.k while the full socioeconomic impact of the cov id-19 pandemic is yet to be known, the predominately tourismdriven economy has been hard hit by the stringent mobility restrictions. a recent study conducted by the ministry of economicdevelopment has assessed that 31 of people employed in the tourism s ector reported redundancy andor complete loss ofincome, 30 reported unpaid leave, and 39 reported receiving partial pay.l on top of the recent socioeconomic challenges,the people of maldives are extremely vulnerable to sea level rise, coastal storms, and flooding that would have dire social andeconomic consequences, notably for the poorer and most vulnerable, given that more than 80 of the land area of the countrybelow one meter above mean sea level and approximately 44 of the settlement footprint of all islands and the vast majorityof the country's critical infrastructure within 100 meters of the coastline endnote f. given its heavy dependence on food importsfrom other countries in asia , maldives is vulnerable to reduced food production and supply disruption due to climate inducedevets . the project aims to improve the resilience of the people in maldives against climate chang e by providing infrastructure,enhancing weather observatory and early warning systems, promoting climate smart agriculture, and developing the capacityof communities and institutions.2.impact channels and expected systemic changes. improved disaster management infrastructure , food security , andinformation base as well as enhanced knowledge of climate adaptation measures and disaster risks will reduce the vulnerabilityof people's assets and reduce disruptions of livelihood and economic activ ities during extreme weather events.3.focus of and resources allocated in the transaction ta or due diligence. a team of consultants will undertake athorough climate risk assessment and identify targeted climate change adaptation interventions in the areas of floodmanagement, coastal protection, food security, weather observatory system, and capacity development through intensiveconsultation with the government and relevant stakeholders. transaction ta will also ensure project readiness including su pportto procurement activities and gender equal ity and social inclusion .4.specific analysis for policy -based lending. not applicable.ii. gender and development1.what are the key gender issues in the sector andor subsector that are likely to be relevant to this project orprogram2 maldives ranks 117th among 146 countries in the 2022 global gender gap index . the country is one of the most vulnerable nations to climate change and its gendered impacts are high on the poorest and those living in geog raphically remote island communities. key gender issues remain in women's low labor force participation rates lfpr male lfpr 77.1; female lfpr 45.6 2019 .m informal employment is more prevalent among women 44 compared to men, 36.n women's average monthly earnings are less than those of men in all industries, even in agriculture and forestry where men earn 77.79 more than women .o significant disparitie s and issues also remain in women's representation in decision making and inclusion of women and other vulnerable group's voice in resilient island development planning and adaptation strategies both at the local and national levels. the proposed project a ims to address these gender issues in climate change adaptation and building resilient island communities for sustainable development of the country. 2.does the proposed project or program have the potential to contribute to the promotion of gender equit y andorempowerment of women by providing women access to and use of opportunities, services, resources, assets, andparticipation in decision -makingyesnothe proposed project will significantly contribute to gender equality , social inclusion, and empowerment of women , and willcreate a progressive local environment for gender mainstreaming in climate change mitigation and adaptation.3.could the proposed project have an adverse impact on women andor girls or widen gender inequalityyesno the project is not expected to have an adverse impact on women andor girls. 4.indicate the intended gender mainstreaming category:gen gender equity egm effective gender mainstreaming sge some gender elements nge no gender elements . participation and empowering the poor1.who are the main stakeholders of the project, including beneficiaries and affected people explain how they willeach participate in the project's design. the main stakeholders of the project include: i the ministry of finance as theexecuting agency; ii project m anagement unit which will be formed within the ministry of environment, climate change andtechnology with focal staff assigned from the maldives meteorological service, and ministry of fisheries, marine resourcesand agriculture; local government; iv relevant civil society organizations csos and community based organizationscbos ; v beneficiaries including the women, poor, people with disability and disadvantaged groups ; and vi project affectedpeople.2.who are the key, active, and relev ant csos in the project area participation of maldives -based csos , includingwomen's groups and assoc iations and organizations offor people with disability opds, is envisaged during processing toseek their inputs on the project design. stakeholder analysis including identification of active and relevant csos to seek theirinputs and participation during project preparation, implementation and operation will be co nducted during due diligence.3.are there issues during project design for which participation of the poor and vulnerable is important yes no if yes, what are these issues the project targets women including the poor and disadvantaged groups . their participation will be ensured through continuous consultations throughout the project cycle. relevant csos and cbos such as women's groups and associations and opds will also be consulted. 4.how will the project ensure the participation of beneficiaries and affected people, particularly the poor andvulnerable andor csos, during project design to address these issues resources will be allocated to mobilize theparticipation of the women, poor, disadvantaged and relevant csos and c bos. the project will also develop a participationplan targeting the women, poor, people with disability, and disadvantaged groups meaningful participation and inclusion in theprocess . the project will meet with the key local officials, csos, cbos, and local communities and affected people to obtaintheir inputs for the project design. there will be opportunities for meaningful engagement with the csos and cbos in theproject design, implementation, operation and maintenance. csos will be scoped during project processing for their capacityto delivery or partner with government on deliv ering the outreach program including disaster risk reduction such as in mangroverestoration activities .5.what level of cso participation is planned during the project designm information generation and sharing m consultation l collaboration na partnership iv. social safeguardsa. involuntary resettlement category a b c fi 1.does the project have the potential to involve involuntary land acquisition resulting in physical and economi cdisplacement yes noinvoluntary resettlement impact s are expected to be minimal and limited to temporary impacts andor minor disturbances during construction works. private land acquisition is not anticipated as government lands will be prioritized during site selection . due diligence to be undertaken by consu ltants and adb staff in close coordination with the implementing agency will determine resettlement impacts during project processing. 2.what action plan is required to address involuntary resettlement as part of the transaction ta or due diligenceproce ssresettlement planb. indigenous peoples category a b c fi 31.does the proposed project have the potential to directly or indirectly affect the dignity, human rights, livelihoodsystems, or culture of indigenous peoplesyes no there are no reported indigenous peoples in projectareas. this will be reconfirmed during project due diligence.2.does it affect the territories or natural and cultural resources indigenous peoples own, use, occupy, or claim, astheir ancestral domainyes no3.will the project require broad community support of affected indigenous communities yes no 4.what action plan is required to address risks to indigenous peoples as part of the transaction ta or due diligenceprocess nonev. other social issues and risks1.what other social issues and risks should be considered in the project design creating decent jobs and employment madhering to core labor standards m labor retrenchment spread of communicable diseases, including hivaids lincrease in human traffickingaffordability increase in unplanned migrationincrease in vulnerability to natural disasterscreating political instability creating internal social conflictsothers, please specify: covid -19 m 2.how are these additional social issues and risks going to be addressed in the project design core labor standardsto be included in contracts. health and safety plans will include preventive mea sures for covid -19. poor and vulnerableincluding women will be given preference for project construction. contractors, construction workers and communities aroundproject sites will be made aware of communicable diseases.vi. transaction ta or due diligence resource requirement1.do the terms of reference for the transaction ta or other due diligence contain key information needed to begathered during transaction ta or due diligence process to better analyze i poverty and social impact, ii genderimpact, participation dimensions, iv social safeguards, and v other social risks are the relevant specialistsidentified yes no2.what resources e.g., consultants, survey budget, and workshop are allocated for conducting poverty, social,andor gender analysis; and the participation plan during the transaction ta or due diligence poverty, social, andgender analysis will be undert aken during ppta. social safeguards experts, gender equity and social inclusion experts ,institutional development experts and livelihood experts shall be mobilized.a world bank. 2015. maldives syste matic country diagnostic: identifying opportunities and constraints to ending poverty and promoting shared prosperity . washington, dc. b government of maldives , ministry of environment and energy. 2016. second national communication of maldives to the united nations framework convention on climate change . mal e. c governm ent of , ministry of environment. 2020. update of nationally determined contribution of maldives . mal e. d adb. 2022. strategy 2030 water sector directional guide --a water -secure and resilient asia and the pacific . manila. e government of maldives , the president's office. 2019. strategic action plan 2019 -2023. mal e. f government of maldives , ministry of environment and energy. 2015. climate change policy framework . mal e. g adb. 2020. maldives country partnership strategy 2020 -2024 . manila. h disadvantaged groups refer to those who historically have been unable to fully access andor benefit from social, economic, and political rights, opportunities, and resources due to their identities andor because of their vulnerability. i government of maldives , national bureau of statistics. 2018. household income and expenditure survey 2016 . male; and government of maldives, ministry of finance and treasury. 2012. household income and expenditure survey . mal e. j united nations development programme. 2022. human development report 20212022 . new york. k government of maldives , national bureau of statistics. 2022. national multidimensional poverty in maldives 2020 . mal e. lgovernment of maldives , ministry of economic development. 2020. rapid livelihood assessment -impact of covid -19crisis in the maldives . male.m government of maldives , bureau of statistics . 2019. household income and expenditure survey . male. n government of the republ ic of maldives , bureau of statistics . 2019. informal employment - household income expenditure survey . male. oadb. 2014 . maldives gender equality diagnostic of selected sectors. manila.

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Enhancing Climate Resilience and Food Security Project: Initial Poverty and Social Analysis

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