<div><h4>Description</h4><p><p>The government has requested ADB support to improve urban services in (i) secondary towns including provincial headquarters, and towns of cultural, touristic, and economic importance; and (ii) small towns that are being prepared under the ongoing Urban Water Supply and Sanitation (Sector) Project (UWSSP). Selection criteria for supported subprojects will be identified before fact-finding. </p><p>The project will be aligned with the following impact: public health in secondary and small towns improved. The outcome of the project is access to resilient, inclusive, and sustainable urban services in secondary and small towns increased. The outcome will be achieved through the following three outputs:</p><p>Output 1: Resilient urban water infrastructure commissioned. The project will support the development of gender equality and social inclusion (GESI)-responsive, climate- and disaster-resilient water supply and drainage infrastructure and systems in secondary and small towns. This is broadly expected to include the construction of or improvements to raw water intake systems, water treatment plants, storage reservoirs, transmission and distribution networks (including district metering areas to enhance system efficiency), metered household connections, and natural and artificial drainage systems. </p><p>Output 2: Sanitation infrastructure and systems strengthened. The project will support the development of GESI-responsive, climate- and disaster-resilient sanitation infrastructure and systems in secondary and small towns. This is expected to include (i) construction of or improvements to sewers, pumping stations, and service connections; (ii) supply of fecal sludge emptying and transport equipment where sewers are not feasible; (iii) construction of or improvements to sewage and fecal sludge treatment plants, and nature-based treatment systems such as constructed wetlands; and (iv) design of solid waste management interventions. Strengthened sanitation infrastructure and systems will provide better services to all people, especially benefitting women, children, the poor, and the disadvantaged.</p><p>Output 3: Enabling environment for sustainable and resilient urban services strengthened. This is expected to include various initiatives designed to strengthen the capacity of government, municipalities, TDF, communities, and other stakeholders to deliver, manage, maintain, and strengthen assets and systems developed through the project, and to be more resilient to the impacts of climate change and natural hazards. Specific initiatives may include (i) GESI-responsive multi-hazard risk management planning for new and existing urban assets, (ii) hygiene awareness and behavioral change campaigns, and (iii) advocacy to promote willingness to pay and financial sustainability of urban services.</p><p>The cause-effect relationships between access to urban services and public health are well established and are recognized in the government's policy frameworks for the WASH sector. The main challenge in the realization of the project impact is expected to be the sustainability of project interventions, in particular, the long-term O&amp;M of assets, its associated funding, and sustaining positive hygiene behaviors. This assumption is supported by a review of lessons learned from water and sanitation projects in Nepal and South Asia. For this reason, the enabling environment will be a strong focus in due diligence and project design.</p></p><h4>Impact</h4><p><p>Public health in secondary and small towns improved</p></p></div>

Integrated Water Supply and Sewerage Management (Sector) Project

Initial poverty and social analysisproject number: 55202 -001 november 2022 nepal : integrated water supply and sewerage management sector projectthis document is being disclosed to the public in accordance with adb's access to information policy. currency equivalents as of 2 november 2022 currency unit - nepalese rupees nrenrsnre1.00 = 0.01 1.00 = nrs132.33 abbreviations adb covid -19 -- asian development bankcoronavirus diseasecwis - city-wide inclusive sanitationdwssm gesi -- department of water supply and sewerage managementgender equity and social incl usionom - operation and maintenancesdg tdf uwssp - - - sustainable development goals town development fund urban water supply and sanitation sector project wash - water, sanitation, and hygienewss - water supply and sanitationnotes i the fiscal year fy of the government of nepal and its agencies ends on 15 july ."fy" before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g.,fy202 2 ends on 15 july 2022.ii in this report, "" refers to united states dollars .in preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the asian development bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.initial poverty and social analysis country: nepal project title: integrated water supply and sewerage management sector project lendingfinancing modality: sector project departmentdivision south asia regional department urban development and water division i. poverty impact and social dimensionsa. links to the national poverty reduction strategy and country partnership strategythe project will address limited access to urban services specifically water supply, sanitation, stormwater and solid waste management in secondary cities and small towns of nepal. the project will leverage from asian development bank's adb ongoing sup port to nepal to realize its goals as outlined in the fifteenth plan and is consistent with nepal's water, sanitation, and hygiene wash sector development plan 2016 -2030 which outlines the vision of improved public health and living standards of people of nepal through safe, sufficient, accessible, acceptable, and affordable water, sanitation, and hygiene services -any time, everyone and everywhere. the project is included in the nepal country operations business plan cobp 2021 -2023 and is aligned with adb's country partnership strategy for nepal 2020 -2024, strategy 2030 particularly operational priority [op] 2, op3, op 4 and 6 and sustainable development goal sdg 6 clean water and sanitation, sdg 5 gender equality and sdg 13 climate change. b. poverty targetinggeneral intervention individual or household ti -h geographic ti -g non-income mdgs ti -m1, m2, etc. the project contributes to the achievement of sdg goal 6: "ensure access to water and sanitation for all" by 2030, which has the specific targets of achieving "universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all" and "access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the n eeds of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations." c. poverty and social analysis1.key issues and potential beneficiaries. in recent years, poverty and unemployment have been reduced in nepal,because of a high economic growth rate, employment policies to involve citizens in work, effective social protectionprograms, concessional loan programs, and remittance income from foreign employment. absolute poverty wasestimated to be around 16.7 in the fiscal year fy 2019 -2020, reduced f rom around 18.9 in fy2017 -2018.ahowever, the coronavirus disease covid -19 pandemic has posed a setback, exacerbating vulnerability of thepoorest, while disparities based on location and social background have persisted. around 42 dalits hill dalits 44and madhesi dalits 38 and 10 newars historical ethnic group inhabitants of the kathmandu valley were belowthe poverty line in 2011 with about 16 poverty incidence in urban and 27 in rural areas.b nepal's humandevelopment index is 0.602.c the l ong-term vision of fifteenth plan has targeted to drop the population living belowthe poverty line to 5 by 2030, and to zero by 2043, by reducing income inequality. as the poverty alleviation has beenrecognized as a national strategy in the fifteenth pl an, targeted programs have been carried out by the federal, state,and local levels. d the expected beneficiaries include households, urban local bodies, and citizens of the towns targetedfor interventions through the project. the project will also promot e the engagement of local workers for project -relatedwork and involve local communities in targeting beneficiaries.2.impact channels and expected systemic changes. to strengthen its impact on reducing poverty and deprivation,the project will assist the government to improve access to urban services among the urban poor in selected secondarycities and small towns. expected spin -offs associated with improved urban se rvices include i improved hygiene andlower rates of waterborne disease; ii reduced time poverty, especially for women, associated with fetching and boilingwater and taking care of sick household members; improved school attendance, especially f or girls and femaleteachers; iv creation of employment opportunities during civil works and greater opportunities for creation of smallbusinesses in the towns; and v improved environment and health outcomes with improved waste management.community l eaders will be empowered in decision -making with respect to the management model eventually employedfor urban services.3.focus of and resources allocated in the transaction technical assistance ta or due diligence. duediligence will be undertaken b y consultants recruited by the government, with the support of adb's safeguards, socialdevelopment, and gesi experts , and through adb ta support. the due diligence will identify the impact, and specialfeatures to be considered in project design to maximi ze project benefits flowing to target groups such as low -incomehouseholds and women.ii. gender and development1.what are the key gender issues in the sector andor subsector that are likely to be relevant to this project or programaccording to the annual household survey 2016, 63.4 of the richest quintile households have access to piped watersupply compared to 2 8.5 of the poorest households.e likewise, 99 of the richest quintile have access to toilets while 43.5 of the poorest group have no toilet facilities. there are income, gender, caste, ethnicity, and locational disparities in access to wash services by people from different social grou ps, including in urban areas. with piped water only intermittently available in most areas of the country, safe drinking water is extremely inadequate. sewer drains and sludge are directly discharged into rivers and public drains and water conservation has not been a priority. waterborne disease is widespread , disproportionately affect ing women who have the primary role of managing water for household needs and caregiving .b wash facilities and services design do not consider the gesi differentiated requirem ent of women, men, children, persons with disabilities pwds and people with diverse sog iesc increasing their difficulty in using these services and facilities. excluded and vulnerable communities, particularly women have limited to access to information and time to participate in mee tings related to wash . 2.does the proposed project or program have the potential to contribute to the promotion of gender equity andorempowerment of women by providing women access to and use of opportunities, services, resources, assets, andparticipation in decision -makingyes no improved wate r supplies will reduce time poverty of women bysaving their time managing household water needs. also, safe drinking water services and adequate sanitation willlower cases of waterborne diseases, reducing women's time spent taking care of sick family mem bers. the project willensure gender equality and social inclusion gesi sensitive water supply and sanitation infrastructure design andcapacity building and awareness for improved hygiene behaviors. based on gesi analysis from due diligence, the gesiaction plan will be prepared with interventions targeting excluded and vulnerable communities, particularly women.3.could the proposed project have an adverse impact on women andor girls or widen gender inequality no 4.indicate the intended gender mainstreaming category: egm effective gender mainstreaming . participation and empowering the poor1.who are the main stakeholders of the project, including beneficiaries and affected people explain how they willeach participate in the project's design. the main stakeholders of the project include the local communi ties includingdisadvantaged women and girls , pwds, people with diverse sog iesc, and the poor from different social groups byvirtue of castes and ethnicities, project affected persons facing involuntary resettlement or indigenous peoples impacts,wuscs, locally elected governments, government officials, civil society organizations and development partners.stakeholder analysis at due diligence stage will identif y civil society organizations csos with urban sector experienceas well as experience in disabilities , poverty and gender issues, and concerned local community groups . the projectdesign will be finalized through a process that involves continuous consul tation with the identified stakeholders and theirparticipation in project planning workshops , meetings , and training and awareness programs .2. who are the key, active, and relevant csos in the project area csos will be identified through stakeholder analysis.relevant csos could be user committees, ward citizens forum, interest groups in wash sector, local and nationalnongovernment organizations. cso participation will be sought in the project design and pre -implementationconsultations t o help obtain support from all stakeholders during project implementation.3. are there issues during project design for which participation of the poor and vulnerable is important  yes nothe community's strength and participation in decision -making will be assessed during the due diligence. based on past project experience in nepal, affordability constraints of the poor will need to be addressed to ensure their inclusion in project benefits. consultations with the main stakeholders fr om both government and civil society as well as project beneficiaries will be integral to project design, to be continued during implementation. a consultation and participation plan with clear activities and responsibilities of stakeholders will be prepar ed to ensure participation and inclusion and its implementation will be monitored by adb . 4.how will the project ensure the participation of beneficiaries and affected people, particularly the poor and vulnerableandor csos, during project design to address these issues stakeholder consultations will start during the initial stagesof project design to ga ge beneficiaries' understanding, expectations, and scope for participation in projectimplementation, operation, and monitoring. the project will use participatory methods to identify key women'sassociations and disadvantaged groups, with an e mphasis on location and design, constraints to access wss servicesand their needs and aspirations.5.what level of cso participation is planned during the project design information generation and sharing mconsultation m collaboration h partnership na csos will be identified through stakeholder analysis. relevant csos could be user committees, ward citizens forum, interest groups in wash sector, local and national nongovernment organizations. cso participation will be sought in the project design and pre -implementation consultations to help obtain support from all stakeholders during project implementation. iv. social safeguardsa.involuntary resettlement category a b c fi 1.does the project have the potential to involve involuntary land acquisition resulting in physical and economicdisplacementyes no the project is likely to involve only limited involuntary resettlement impacts relatedto water and sanitation infrastructures and other civil works. the extent of the involuntary resettlement and landacquisition impacts will be determined and validated during the project preparation stage , and safeguardscategorization will be reviewed once the project requirements have been confirmed.2.what action plan is required to address involuntary resettlement as part of the transaction ta or due diligenceprocess resettlement plan resettlement frameworkb. indigenous peoples category a b c fi 1.does the proposed project have the potential to directly or indirectly affect the dignity, human rights, live lihoodsystems, or culture of indigenous peoplesyes no2.does it affect the territories or natural and cultural resources indigenous peoples own, use, occupy, or claim, astheir ancestral domainyes no infrastructures will be proposed mostly within the urban area ingovernment lands. due diligence will assess and confirm the actual indigenous peoples impacts. if such impact isidentified, an indigenous peoples plan or combined resettlement and indigenous peoples plan will be developed.3.will the project require broad community support of affected indigenous communitiesyes no theproject is not assessed to involve commercial development of cultural resources, physical displacement, andcommercial development of natural resources of indigenous people. this will be verified during due diligence.4.what action plan is required to address risks to indigenous peoples as part of the transaction ta or due diligenceprocessindigenous peoples planindigenous peoples planning frameworkv. other social issues and risks1.what other social issues and risks should be considered in the project design creating decent jobs and employmentadhering to core labor standards labor retrenchment spread of communicable diseases, including hivaids lincrease in human trafficking affordability l increase in unplanned migrationincrease in vulnerability to natural disasterscreating political instability creating internal social conflictsothers, please specify 2.how are these additional social issues and risks going to be addressed in the project design contracts andsafeguards documents will specify the requirements related to core labor standards. contractors and constructionworkers will be made aware of communicable diseases, including hivaids and covid -19 risks.vi. transaction ta or due diligence resource requirement1.do the terms of reference for the transaction ta or other due diligence contain key information needed to begathered during transaction ta or due diligence process to better analyze i poverty and social impact, ii genderimpact, participation dimensions, iv social safeguards, and v other social risks are the relevant specialistsidentifiedyes government is funding detailed engineering design consultants. the consultant terms of referenceincludes gesi and safeguards outputs, and requirements for the relevant expertise to be included in the consultantteam. the consultants are supported by consu ltants engaged by adb, and adb's social and gesi experts.disaggregated data sex, and relevant social dimensions on disadvantage will be collected. 2.what resources e.g., consultants, survey budget, and workshop are allocated for conducting poverty, social, andorgender analysis; and the participation plan during the transaction ta or due diligence see above. the governmenthas engaged two consultant firms to undertake due diligence for secondary towns. each firm is required to engage asociologis tsocial safeguardsgesi specialist with 8 person -month inputs. for small towns, the government'sconsultants under the ongoing urban water supply and sanitation sector project will undertake due diligence, whichwill be reviewed by consultants engaged by adb, and adb staff. resources for gesi, including the baseline surveyrequirements, will be sufficiently allocated.a government of nepal , ministry of finance. 2020. economic survey 2019 . kathmandu . b adb. 2020. gender equality and social inclusion diagnostic of selected sectors in nepal . manila. cundp. 2020. human development report 2020: the next frontier: human development and anthropocene. d government of nepal, national planning commi ssion. 2020. the fifteenth -year plan. kathmandu. e government of nepal, ministry of health and population. 2016. nepal demographic health survey . kathmandu.

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Integrated Water Supply and Sewerage Management Sector Project: Initial Poverty and Social Analysis

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