<div><h4>Description</h4><p>The proposed Timor-Leste Public Transport Project (TLPTP) will support the Government of Timor-Leste's planned public transport agenda to provide (i) a high-quality, sustainable public transport system that meets the needs of users for safety, comfort, security, convenience, affordability, accessibility, and availability, and (ii) a transparent and stable regulatory environment that encourages ongoing private sector investment and operations. The TLPTP is planned to transform interurban land transport and strengthen the position of Dili, the country's capital city, as the transport hub by integrating bus routes and providing convenient and comfortable bus terminals. The TLPTP will be aligned with the following impact: social equality and national unity promoted by having improved connectivity for all in Timor-Leste. The project will have the following outcome: reliable, resilient, and sustainable public transport services provided and access to public services and economic opportunities improved. The outputs of the project will be (i) climate-resilient and optimized public transport network system developed; (ii) institutional capacity strengthened; and (iii) regulatory framework for low carbon and climate-resilient development strengthened.</p><h4>Impact</h4><p><p>Social equality and national unity promoted by having improved connectivity for all in Timor-Leste</p></p></div>

Timor-Leste Public Transport Project

Initial poverty and social analysis project number: 56166 - 001 october 2022 timor -leste: timor -leste public transport project this document is being disclosed to the public in accordance with adb's access to information policy. abbreviations cps - country partner ship strategy egm - effective gender mainstreaming motc - ministry of transport and c ommunications ta - technical ass istance in preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the asian development bank do es not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. initial poverty and social analysis country: timor -leste project title: timor -leste public transport project lendingfinancing modality: project loan departmentdivision southeast asia regional department serd transport and communications division setc i. poverty impact and social dimensions a. links to the national poverty reduction strategy and country partnership strategy timor -leste's strategic development plan 2011 -2030 identified upgrading of infrastructure as a key measure to achieve middle -income status and a healthy, well -educated, and safe population by 2030. similarly, adb's country partnership strategy cps 2016 -2020 for timor -leste concluded that additional infrastructure investments are needed to support inclusive growth. the proposed project's improvement of the public transportation system is in line with cps focus on improving the country's transport links, which were assessed as increasing cos ts, reducing competitiveness, and magnifying constraints on the growth of timor -leste's small and isolated markets . b. poverty targetinggeneral intervention individual or household ti -h geographic ti -g non-income mdgs ti -m1, m2, etc. the main users of public transportation bus, microlet , and angguna trucks are the population who cannot afford the more comfortable and quicker means of transport provided by private vehicles. as part of the cps, the government of timor -leste and adb identified limited employment opportunities as one of the key contributing factors to poverty , and the proposed project will improve access to livelihoods and services. their concerns and needs inform the design of the project: terminals with comfortable waiting areas and passenger amenities, clear routes and schedul ed services, roadworthy vehicles, and walking distance to terminals not exceeding 500 meters. accessibility features will be installed for persons with disabilities; mechanisms to address gender -based violence will be established for the protection of wome n, girls, and sexual minorities; and child -caring facilities will be integrated for parents with young children. c. poverty and social analysis 1 key issues and potential beneficiaries. the public transport users will be the direct beneficiaries, with access to a safe, convenient, and efficient transportation system in the country. current constraints include lack of public transport terminals, defined routes, consistency on fares and fre ight charges, and reliable scheduled services, which stems from weak regulatory and implementation framework of the public transportation system. inefficient transportation contributes to the cycle of poverty. as of 2014, 41.8 of the population still live d below the national poverty line; while 30.7 of the population lived below 1.9 purchasing power parity a day. the project will improve people's access to schools, markets, employment, and social services. 2. impact channels and expected systemic changes this project will improve mobility of the poor and in turn improve their access to social services, livelihood opportunities, and social activities. time lost due to inefficient transportation system will be reduced, thereby increasing time devoted for income -generating activities, leisure, and self -care, especially for women who bear the burden of unpaid care work and for persons with disability who incur extra disability cost for everyday tasks such as commuting. 3. focus of and resources allocated in the transaction ta or due diligence. adequate resources will be made available to carry out social and poverty analysis. socioeconomic baseline survey with collection of data disaggregated by sex, disability , and other vulnerability factors will be undertaken during feasibility studies to develop participation and gender mainstreaming and social inclusion plans; and incorporate strategies in project design that are socially inclusive, benefit women and children , and add ress their concerns. special attention will be paid to the needs of vulnerable affected persons, such as informal settlers and vulnerable groups. social assessment will consider the scope of risks associated with the project such as safety considerations d uring construction and operation phases. to promote gender equality and social inclusion, attention will be given to barriers of mobility for women and marginalized groups, including unsafe and inefficient transportation system, threat of gender -based viol ence, and social norms that limit women's movement. the capacity of the ministry of transport and 2 communications motc to mainstream gender and social inclusion in their programs and projects will also be assessed. 4. specific analysis for policy -based lending. na ii. gender and development 1. what are the key gender issues in the sector andor subsector that are likely to be relevant to this project or program women's mobility and use of public transportation in timor -leste are limited by i the unsafe, inconvenient, and inefficient service that in turn aggravates the burden of their domestic and care work; ii the constant fear of violence including sexual violence committed against women by drivers and other persons along the road; and social norms that confine women in the home, with limited means of transportation and communication, and limited income. only 27 of women are in the labor force compared to 56 of men. women's participation in decision -making remains low, having almost no voice at the local level only 2 of leaders at the village level are women, and in the civil service only 26 -29 of positions are occupied by women . a the m otc lack capacity for gender mainstreaming in planning, implementation and evaluation of p rograms and projects leading to actions that do not address gender and social inclusion issues, and instead risk aggravating existing social inequalities and leaving behind those who are already most marginalized in society . b 2. does the proposed proje ct or program have the potential to contribute to the promotion of gender equity andor empowerment of women by providing women access to and use of opportunities, services, resources, assets, and participation in decision -makingyesno possible key gender actions to address the issues above and promote gender equality and the empowerment of women and narrow gender gaps include: i integration of gender -responsive and socially inclusive physical features in the bus terminals, waiting areas and the buses e.g., ramps and tactile surfaces; male and female toilets at 1:2 ratio, wi th child -care facilities in all kinds of toilets; children's playroom in major terminals; ii awareness -raising and capacity -building of key stakeholders, and establishment of mechanisms within the to address gender -based violence occurring during civil works and during operation and maintenance; setting gender targets for economic and human resource development opportunities provided by the project; and iv capacity -building of the m otc for gender mainstreaming in the transportation sector. a thor ough gender analysis using sex -disaggregated quantitative and qualitative data and identifying gender issues as well as opportunities, will be done during due diligence to meet the standard of at least effective gender mainstreaming and formulate a project gender equality and social inclusion action plan with clear indicators, baselines, and targets to contribute to adb's strategy 2030 operational priority 2 and the m otc's gender equality and social inclusion action plan. 3. could the proposed project have an adverse impact on women andor girls or widen gender inequality yesno 4. indicate the intended gender mainstreaming category: gen gender equity egm effective gender mainstreaming sge some gender elements nge no gender elements a cullen, a. and marx, s. 2015. a political economy of public transportation in timor -leste : the asia foundation. b green climate fund . 2019. gender assessment and action plan: safeguarding communities and their physical assets from climate induced disasters in timor -leste . dili. https:.greenclimate.fundsitesdefaultfilesdocumentgender -assessment -fp109 -undp -timor -leste.pdf 3 . participation and empowering the poor 1. who are the main stakeholders of the project, including beneficiaries and affected people explain how they will each participate in the project's design. main stakeholders include: i motc who is the project executing and implementing agency; ii commuting public from dili and the surrounding municipalities, with a special focus on women and marginalized groups children, elderly, persons with disabilities, ru ral folks, ethnic minorities, and sexual minorities, community -based organizations, and local communities, who will be consulted at project design about their concerns and recommendations for an improved public transportation network system responsive to t heir needs; current private sector transport operators and drivers who stand to be lose income because of possible phase out of dilapidated vehicles or license to operate will be consulted on ways to integrate them into the new public transportation system. 2. who are the key, active, and relevant csos in the project area key relevant civil society organizations csos will be identified early in project preparation through a stakeholder analysis. it is anticipated that there will be key csos with active interest rights related to public transportation, pedestrian mobility, and safety in public spaces. these csos, who will be active in the consultation process, are those representing project affected persons, women, elderly, persons with d isabilities, ethnic minorities, rural residents, and sexual minorities who are in interested in ensuring that the project contributes to gender equality and social inclusion, during project implementation as well as during infrastructure operation and main tenance. csos representing business interest may also be interested in cooperating with the project . 3. are there issues during project design for which participation of the poor and vulnerable is important  yes  no participation of the poor and the vulnerable is crucial for designing the terminals and enroute stops, shelters and laybys to ensure incorporation of amenities required and for their accessibility. people residing along the project areas will be thoroughly informed about safety considerations during the construction phase as well as for subsequent operation of the services. accessibility, convenience, and safety issues of women and vulnerable groups like persons with disabilities, children, elderly, ethnic minorities, rural folks, and sexual minorities will be addressed in project design. the poor and vulnerable affected by the project will be identified through socioeconomic surveys and consultations during feasibility studies and mitigation measures for ad verse impacts and measures for advancing the potential benefits will be incorporated in social safeguards documents. the resettlement and ethnic groups planning documents will be developed and implemented with the active participation of the poor and vulne rable. 4. how will the project ensure the participation of beneficiaries and affected people, particularly the poor and vulnerable andor csos, during project design to address these issues the firm consultant to be engaged for project preparation will include a social development, gender equality and social inclusion specialist with 1.5 person -months to consult with nongovernment organizations and csos representing women and marginalized groups including the elderly, persons with disabilities, rural women, sexual minorities, and children via k ey information interview s or focus group discussions , or other appropriate methodology. 5. what level of cso participation is plann ed during the project design m information generation and sharing m consultation na collaboration na partnership iv. social safeguards a. involuntary resettlement categorya b c fi 1. does the project have the potential to involve involuntary land acquisition resulting in physical and economic displacementyes no the project will require land for construction and upgradation of terminals, enroute stops, shelters and laybys, and parking facilities separate from terminals. this may result in physical andor economic displacement of affected persons. resettlement surveys will be carried out during feasibility studies to identify the potential affected persons and the significance of resettlement impacts . the involuntary resettlement impacts would be addressed through proper design and effective implementation of the resettlement plan. 2. what action plan is required to address involuntary resettlement as part of th e transaction ta or due diligence process resettlement plan resettlement frameworksocial impact matrix environmental and social management system arrangement none b. indigenous peoples category a b c fi 4 1. does the proposed project have the potential to directly or indirectly affect the dignity, human rights, livelihood systems, or culture of indigenous peoples yes no ethnic groups may be present in the project area and may be affected by acquisition of land for the project compo nents and will also be benefiting by the project. presence of ethnic groups in the project area and impacts on these groups will be assessed during feasibility studies. 2. does it affect the territories or natural and cultural resources indigenous peoples own, use, occupy, or claim, as their ancestral domainyesno the project components may imp act territory owned, used, occupied, or claimed by ethnic groups as ancestral domain. impact of the project components on territory owned by ethnic groups will be assessed during feasibility studies. 3. will the project require broad community support of affected indigenous communities yes no impact of the project on ethnic groups will be assessed during feasibility stage, and if any, the project will carry out consultations with ethnic groups and will involve them in project design and implementation.4. what action plan is required to address risks to indigenous peoples as part of the transaction ta or due diligence process indigenous peoples plan indigenous peoples planning framework social impact matrix environmental and social management system arrangement none v. other social issues and risks 1. what other social issues and risks should be considered in the project design creating decent jobs and employment - h adhering to core labor standards - h labor retrenchment spread of communicable diseases, including hivaids - m increase in human traffickingaffordability - m increase in unplanned migrationincrease in vulnerability to natural disasterscreating political instability creating internal social conflicts others, please specify nil 2. how are these additional social issues and risks going to be addressed in the project design the core labor standards cls will be included in the loan agreement, project administration manual , gender equality and social inclusion action plan, and other project processing document such as summary poverty reduction and social strategies and reports and recommendation of the president . the works contract under the project will have suitable clauses to ensure adherence to core labor standards, and awareness creation for avoidance of communicable diseases including hivaids. the project design will consider the affordability aspects of the poor. vi. transaction ta or due diligence resource requirement 1. do the terms of reference for the transaction ta or other due diligence contain key information needed to be gathered during transaction ta or due diligence process to better analyze i poverty and social impact, ii gender impact, participation dimensions, iv social safeguards, and v other soc ial risks are the relevant specialists identified yes no 2. what resources e.g., consultants, survey budget, and workshop are allocated for conducting poverty, social, andor gender analysis; and the participation plan during the transaction ta or due diligence the consultant team will include international and national social safeguards experts and an international social development and gender experts. adequate bu dget will be provided for carrying out consultations and conduct the required surveys for social safeguards due diligence, and social and poverty assessment. source: asian development bank.

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Timor-Leste Public Transport Project: Initial Poverty and Social Analysis

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