To achieve the ambitious goals of the Fit-for-55 and REPowerEU Plans, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions attributed to all segments of transport is key. In this endeavour, Non-Road Mobile Machinery (NRMM) vehicles also require alternative designs and technologies, as current interal combstin engines (ICE) powered NRMMs remain significant contributors to European GHG emissions. Particularly, hydrogen powered fuel cells (FC) are an attractive option when longer operability or fast fuelling are desired.
NRMMs have various specific requirements depending on their end-use (agriculture, ports, mining, logistic centres, construction, etc.), thereby constraining the dimensions, operation and architecture of their powertrain. More specifically, NRMMs widely vary in size and power level requirements, including power use for non-propulsion purposes. Additionally, a wide range of power levels and autonomy requirements make it difficult for NRMM manufacturers to adopt an appropriate FC solution without significant investments of time and money. An adequate degree of hybridisation (including battery packs), the selection of optimal fuel tank sizes and an efficient refuelling alternative are key challenges for deployment of FCs and hydrogen for NRMM applications. Moreover, NRMM applications are characterised by temporary use in areas with limited infrastructure and weak or no grid connection. Finally, both NRMM power train building
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